Immunoassays can be used to detect specific analytes with high specificity and sensitivity in biological samples. Numerous immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and fluoroimmunoassay have been developing for use in laboratories and hospitals. ELISA or enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is a method detecting and measuring a specific antigen or antibody in biological samples such as blood, urine, tissues, and cells. ELISA has been widely used in biological studies and new drug development fields. Sandwich ELISA is one of the leading diagnostic tools to detect targets with high sensitivity and specificity.
Currently, new development directions for advanced ELISA systems with improved immunosensors are as follows: 1) development of an automated system to offer sample-in/result-out process automatically, 2) size minimization of machines for point-of-care testing usage, 3) development of multiplex systems for simultaneously detecting various targets in one sample, and 4) development of specific antigens and antibodies for more sensitive and specific detection.
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